What is Red Eye Disease (Conjunctivitis)?

Conjunctivitis, also known as Red Eye Disease, is the inflammation of the conjunctiva, a thin, transparent layer that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the white part of the eyeball (sclera). This condition manifests as redness and swelling in the eyes and can develop due to various causes. Conjunctivitis can be classified into two main categories: infectious and non-infectious.

Infectious Conjunctivitis

Bacterial Conjunctivitis: This type is typically caused by bacteria such as staphylococcus and streptococcus, leading to a thick, yellowish discharge from the eye. Viral Conjunctivitis: Caused by adenoviruses, this type is highly contagious and often affects both eyes. It results in a clear, watery discharge.

Non-Infectious Conjunctivitis

Allergic Conjunctivitis: This develops as a result of the eye's overreaction to allergens like pollen, dust, and pet dander. It is characterized by itching, burning sensation in the eyes, and excessive tearing.

Chemical Conjunctivitis: This occurs due to the contact of the eye with irritants like chlorinated water and smoke.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of conjunctivitis include redness in the eyes, swelling, a sensation of burning or stinging, increased tearing, light sensitivity, and the formation of a sticky layer on the eyelids. Bacterial conjunctivitis is usually associated with a yellow or greenish, sticky discharge, while viral conjunctivitis generally causes a clear fluid discharge. Allergic conjunctivitis typically affects both eyes and causes itching.

Treatment and Management

The treatment of conjunctivitis varies depending on the underlying cause. Bacterial conjunctivitis is usually treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments, while there is no specific treatment for viral conjunctivitis, which typically resolves on its own. Allergic conjunctivitis is managed with allergy-specific drops and avoiding allergens. Personal hygiene is crucial in preventing conjunctivitis. Regular hand washing, avoiding touching the eyes, and limiting close contact with infected individuals are essential. Additionally, individuals undergoing treatment for conjunctivitis should avoid sharing personal items with others to prevent the spread of the infection. While conjunctivitis often does not pose a serious health risk, it is important to seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or do not improve. Immediate consultation with a healthcare provider is necessary if symptoms such as blurred vision, severe pain, or extreme sensitivity to light develop.