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Smart Intraocular Lenses
In the treatment of cataract disease, the natural lens inside the patient's eye eventually loses its transparency, resulting in decreased visual quality. This can lead to problems such as reflections from vehicle headlights at night and a decline in the quality of color vision. In this case, the dysfunctional lens needs to be replaced with artificial lenses. These lenses (intraocular lenses) can be applied to cataract patients or to patients with high prescription glasses who are not suitable for laser treatment.
In patients who do not wish to wear glasses and are also not suitable for laser treatment, commonly referred to as eye smoothing, intraocular lenses may be recommended following a detailed eye examination. However, the most significant and common use of these lenses is in cataract treatment. The lens that has lost its transparency is removed, and the most suitable intraocular lens is implanted, completing the operation and restoring the patient’s visual quality.
Types of Intraocular Lenses
- Monofocal lenses (single focus) that allow vision at a distance only
- Bifocal lenses (two focus) that enable vision both near and far
- Trifocal lenses (three focus) that provide vision at far, intermediate, and near distances. Depending on the patient's lifestyle and eye condition, bifocal (two focus) or trifocal (three focus) lenses are preferred, eliminating the need for glasses.
- If the patient has astigmatism, toric lenses (astigmatism-correcting lenses) may be preferred.
Selection of Intraocular Lenses
The primary goal in the use of intraocular lenses for cataract treatment is to help the patient return to their healthy daily life. However, it is also very important that the patient feels comfortable in terms of vision for the rest of their life, as this is a procedure that cannot be repeated. Therefore, attention should be paid to factors that determine lens selection, such as the patient’s age, occupation, lifestyle, habits, and hobbies.
For example, UV (ultraviolet) lenses are recommended for someone who works outdoors and is often exposed to sunlight, or for a patient who drives at night, lenses that enhance night vision should be selected. Hence, the choice of intraocular lenses is a situation that should be jointly decided by the patient and the doctor, considering the patient's lifestyle in addition to a detailed physical examination. For this reason, the decision-making process is even more critical and important than the surgery itself.
Innovations in Intraocular Lenses
In the past, distorted lenses were removed in the treatment of cataract patients, and monofocal lenses that allowed the patient to see either close or at a distance were used. As a result, patients continued to wear glasses post-surgery because only one type of visual impairment was addressed. Nowadays, multifocal intraocular lenses have replaced monofocal lenses, thus correcting all types of visual impairments at once, providing clear vision without the need for glasses.
Patients who receive multifocal (smart) lenses can read books or see far away without glasses. Trifocal lenses represent the most advanced intraocular lens technology in modern medicine. They provide the clearest vision for near, intermediate, and far distances, thus enhancing the patient's quality of life.